El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la percepción de la inclusión educativa en sus dimensiones de políticas, prácticas y cultura de los directivos, docentes y asistentes de la educación, considerando las variables rol y género, en centros educativos de nivel secundario de la octava región del Biobío de Chile. La metodología es cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo, con un diseño no experimental transaccional, la muestra está compuesta de 346 profesionales. Los resultados generales arrojan una percepción muy favorable hacia la dimensión (...) prácticas inclusivas, tanto en la variable rol los directivos y en género las mujeres. (shrink)

Este trabajo apunta a realizar un análisis a partir de la lectura de Derrida del Fedro platónico en su ensayo La pharmacie de Platon. En tres apartados, Derrida trabaja los conceptos de phármakon, pharmakeus y pharmakós. No obstante, pareciera que el concepto de phármakon se presenta como un fenómeno jerárquico frente a los otros dos términos. La riqueza de este concepto radica en su ambigüedad e imposibilidad para ser traducido, ya que cuenta con una doble ‘naturaleza’: la de veneno y (...) la de remedio. Nos interesa mostrar que, a pesar de la indecibilidad, polisemia e intraducibilidad del concepto de phármakon, existen razones para pensar al pharmakós, concepto que Platón no utiliza en su obra, pero que no por eso se encuentra ausente, como la otra cara del phármakon. El pharmakós es conocido como el ‘chivo expiatorio’, aquel sujeto que, como parte de un ritual de purificación comunitaria propio de la religión griega, se expulsa de la ciudad para extirpar los males que la aquejan. Se busca, entonces, rescatar la importancia del pharmakós, encarnada en la figura de Sócrates, entendida como una existencia parasitaria que, por medio del phármakon, se elimina de la ciudad. (shrink)

Si bien en la filosofía de las ciencias ya se han explorado algunos ejemplos provenientes de la bioquímica como casos de estudio, la filosofía de la bioquímica es una subdisciplina naciente. En este artículo estudiaremos dos problemas filosóficos de relevancia contemporánea en esta ciencia. Por un lado, examinaremos las bases epistemológicas del problema del plegamiento de proteínas. En particular lo relacionado con la predicción de la estructura tridimensional de las proteínas a partir de su secuencia, asunto que ha dado mucho (...) que hablar debido a los nuevos avances utilizando deep learning. Por otro lado, exploraremos el problema in-vitro/in-vivo y, más generalmente, el problema de la extrapolación en las ciencias biológicas. Finalmente, a partir de las consecuencias de ambos temas consideraremos algunas reflexiones filosóficas generales acerca del reduccionismo, el pluralismo y el lugar de la bioquímica en las ciencias biológicas. Palabras clave: Bioquímica, Plegamiento de proteínas, In-vitro/in-vivo, Pluralismo, Reduccionismo. (shrink)

This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal trends in mathematical competencies of Grade 8 students in a public high school located in Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. The study collected data over a period of six academic years, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of students' performance in 16 distinct mathematical competences of basic education curriculum. These topics include, but are not limited to, special products and factors, factoring, and basic concepts of probability. Using a quantitative research design, the study analyzed both (...) numerical and secondary data to identify patterns or trends in students' mathematical competencies. Trends were analyzed through regression analysis using slopes. The significance of these trends was then evaluated using t-tests for the standard error of slopes. The statistical analysis revealed significant upward trends in certain mathematical topics, indicating an improvement in the students' competencies over the six academic years. However, certain topics displayed downward or stable trends, indicating areas for improvement in the teaching methods used for these topics. The study highlights the importance of flexible and adaptable approaches to mathematics education. It emphasizes the need for constant evaluation and improvement of teaching methods to enhance student learning outcomes. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers to guide evidence-based decision-making and improve the quality of mathematics education in the new normal setup. Implications and future research directions are incorporated in the study. (shrink)

The protein folding problem is one of the foundational problems of biochemistry and it is still considered unsolved. It basically consists of two main questions: what are the factors determining the stability of the protein’s native structure and how does the protein acquire it starting from an unfolded state. Since its first formulation, two main explanatory approaches have dominated the field of protein folding research: a thermodynamic approach focused on energetic features and a kinetic approach focused on the temporal development (...) of protein chains and structural considerations. Although these two approaches are tightly intertwined in biochemical practice and largely agree on which are the parts and activities in which the phenomenon under study should be decomposed to, there nevertheless exist important contrasts that have had repercussions on the development of the field and still engender vigorous debate. We shall analyse the historical development of the field and crucial aspects of current scientific debates. On this basis, we argue that the main sources of disagreement centre on the causal interpretation of thermodynamic and kinetic explanations, on the explanatory relevance assigned to different features of the phenomena under study and on the status of the ontological assumptions concerning the entities under study. (shrink)

CONTENIDO: El entierro - El padre - Otro padre - La montaña mágica - Los amigos - Bucarest - En Sumapáz - Yolanda - Cali - Medellín - Freud - Doctorado Honoris Causa - Los derechos humanos - La angustia.

“Lo terrorífico del animal de ojos duros es que ve todo el tiempo”. No extraña que la pregunta por el fin de la intimidad se active en una época de conexión permanente, ojos-pantalla y sobreexposición generalizada. Si las subjetividades modernas se construyeron mirando a un lugar interior, hoy se deriva hacia la “exteriorización del yo”. Como efecto, las personalidades tienden a mercantilizarse y lo privado no se representa, se expone. En la cultura-red los clásicos ámbitos de relación se diluyen en (...) una esfera público-privada hipervisible, reduciendo a su menor expresión los tiempos de intimidad y como ciudadanos. Sin embargo, entre las amenazas para el sujeto humanista la alianza feminista se ve reforzada por este escenario donde lo personal político puede ser público y compartido. Las lecturas críticas señalan una discontinuidad histórica y cultural en el control sobre la visibilización del ámbito más personal y privado que oscila entre la voluntad propia de publicar lo íntimo y la presión del tecnoliberalismo por gestionarla, por dominar el párpado. (shrink)

La voz humana es un fenómeno ampliamente estudiado desde una gran variedad de disciplinas, desde las especialidades de la medicina hasta las artes. Aunque esta situación resulta enriquecedora, la multiplicidad de perspectivas ha conspirado contra la formulación de una concepción única de la voz y de un sistema lógico que pueda ayudar a entender los fenómenos asociados con ella en términos más generales, enfatizando continuidades y relaciones en lugar de requerir cada vez una definición del objeto de estudio de acuerdo (...) con las herramientas conceptuales y las metodologías de cada disciplina. La semeiotica de Peirce ofrece una alternativa a esta fragmentación de los estudios de la voz, especialmente a través de su taxonomía de signos relacionada con las categorías faneroscópicas. El nonágono semiótico es un modelo operativo que, adoptando la forma de un ícono diagramático, ayuda a aplicar las categorías peirceanas al análisis de conceptos, objetos o disciplinas en general. Con el nonágono semiótico como herramienta metodológica, este artículo ofrece una forma de analizar, describir y categorizar de acuerdo con criterios lógicos los múltiples usos de la voz humana. Se espera que las relaciones que revela entre usos radicalmente diferentes de la voz ayuden a reducir la redundancia entre disciplinas y a proveer nuevas direcciones para la investigación en otras áreas, así también como para cubrir potenciales necesidades pedagógicas y analíticas en las artes y otras disciplinas. (shrink)

Algorithmic systems and predictive analytics play an increasingly important role in various aspects of modern life. Scholarship on the moral ramifications of such systems is in its early stages, and much of it focuses on bias and harm. This paper argues that in understanding the moral salience of algorithmic systems it is essential to understand the relation between algorithms, autonomy, and agency. We draw on several recent cases in criminal sentencing and K–12 teacher evaluation to outline four key ways in (...) which issues of agency, autonomy, and respect for persons can conflict with algorithmic decision-making. Three of these involve failures to treat individual agents with the respect they deserve. The fourth involves distancing oneself from a morally suspect action by attributing one’s decision to take that action to an algorithm, thereby laundering one’s agency. (shrink)

ABSTRACT: So far in this book, we have examined algorithmic decision systems from three autonomy-based perspectives: in terms of what we owe autonomous agents (chapters 3 and 4), in terms of the conditions required for people to act autonomously (chapters 5 and 6), and in terms of the responsibilities of agents (chapter 7). -/- In this chapter we turn to the ways in which autonomy underwrites democratic governance. Political authority, which is to say the ability of a government to exercise (...) power, may be justifiable or not. Whether it is justified and how it can come to be justified is a question of political legitimacy. Political legitimacy is another way in which autonomy and responsibility are linked. This relationship is the basis of the current chapter, and it is important in understanding the moral salience of algorithmic systems. We will draw the connection as follows. We begin, in section 8.1, by describing two uses of technology: crime predicting technology used to drive policing practices and social media technology used to influence elections (including by Cambridge Analytica and by the Internet Research Agency). In section 8.2 we consider several views of legitimacy and argue for a hybrid version of normative legitimacy based on one recently offered by Fabienne Peter. In section 8.3 we will explain that the connection between political legitimacy and autonomy is that legitimacy is grounded in legitimating processes, which are in turn based on autonomy. Algorithmic systems—among them PredPol and the Cambridge Analytica-Facebook-Internet Research Agency amalgam—can hinder that legitimation process and conflict with democratic legitimacy, as we argue in section 8.4. We will conclude by returning to several cases that serve as through-lines to the book: Loomis, Wagner, and Houston Schools. -/- The link below is to an open-access copy of the chapter. (shrink)

Ciencias sociales : saberes coloniales y eurocéntricos / Edgardo Lander / - Europa modernidad y eurocentrismo / Enrique Dussel / - La colonialidad a lo largo y a lo ancho : el hemisferio occidental en el horizonte colonial de la modernidad / Walter D. Mignolo / - Naturaleza del poscolonialismo : del eurocentrismo al globocentrismo / Fernando Coronil / - El lugar de la naturaleza y la naturaleza del lugar : ¿globalización o postdesarrollo? / Arturo Escobar / - Ciencias sociales, (...) violencia epistémica y el problema de la invención del otro / Santiago Castro-Gómez / - Superar la exclusión, conquistar la equidad : reformas, políticas y capacidades en el ámbito social / Alejandro Moreno / - Abrir, impensar, y redimesionar las ciencias sociales en América Latina y el Caribe. ¿Es posible una ciencia social no eurocéntrica en nuestra región? / Francisco López Segrera / - Colonialidad del poder, eurocentrismo y América Latina / Aníbal Quijano. (shrink)

[Omslag] Was is Sprache? Vom Wort als Laut und Gedanke bis zur Verwirklichung der Sprache als bedeutungsgeladenes Schweigen. Das Thema der Sprache kann und wird von verschiedenen Blickwinkeln behandelt: Sprache als Grammatik, als Baustein der Gedanken, als Kommunikationsmittel, als Kunst, als Ausdruck einer Kultur, einer Weltansicht... Aber was ist Sprache in ihrem wahren Sein? Ist Sprache wirklich bloß Wort? Oder ist Sprache doch ein komplexes, dynamisches Phänomen, welches sich auf mehreren Ebenen ereignet: Ebenen, die sich gegenseitig bedingen, voraussetzen und wesenhaft (...) erst definieren? Liegt die wesenhafte Verwirklichung der Sprache vielleicht in einem scheinbaren Paradox: in einem bedeutungsgeladenen Schweigen? Der vorliegende Versuch einer Sprachontologie befasst sich mit diesen Fragen und untersucht Augustinus, Martin Heidegger und Hans-Georg Gadamer auf ihr Verständnis des Seins der Sprache. (shrink)

This article addresses the general ethical issues of accessing online personal data for research purposes. The authors discuss the practical aspects of online research with a specific case study that illustrates the ethical challenges encountered when accessing data from Kooth, an online youth web-counselling service. This paper firstly highlights the relevance of a process-based approach to ethics when accessing highly sensitive data and then discusses the ethical considerations and potential challenges regarding the accessing of public data from Digital Mental Health (...) services. It presents solutions that aim to protect young DMH service users as well as the DMH providers and researchers mining such data. Special consideration is given to service users’ expectations of what their data might be used for, as well as their perceptions of whether the data they post is public, private or open. We provide recommendations for planning and designing online research in an ethical manner that includes vulnerable young people as research participants. We emphasise the distinction between public, private and open data, which is crucial to comprehend the ethical challenges in accessing DMH data. Among our key recommendations, we foreground the need to consider a collaborative approach with the DMH providers while respecting service users’ control over personal data, and we propose the implementation of digital solutions embedded within the platform for explicit opt-out/opt-in recruitment strategies and ‘read more’ options. (shrink)

El siguiente trabajo estudia las emociones trágicas en Schopenhauer y se ocupa especialmente de la compasión, reivindicando el valor positivo de esta última. En primer lugar, se refiere a la teoría de la tragedia de Aristóteles con el fin de clarificar la posición de Schopenhauer. En segundo lugar, intenta mostrar que la compasión posee en este autor una triple vertiente o función: estética, ética y ontológica. Finalmente, se examina una serie de cuestiones que dan idea de la novedad y originalidad (...) de la reflexión filosófica de Schopenhauer con especial mención de la función educativa del arte. (shrink)

One of the foundational problems of biochemistry concerns the conceptualisation of the relationship between the composition, structure and function of macromolecules like proteins. Part of the recent philosophical literature displays a reductionist bias, that is, the endorsement of a form of microstructuralism mirroring an out-dated biochemical conceptualisation. We shall argue that such microstructuralist approaches are ultimately committed to a potentialist form of micro-predeterminism whereby the macrostructure and function of proteins is accounted for solely in terms of the intrinsic properties and (...) potentialities of the components of the primary structure as if they were self-contained or essentially immutable entities. We shall instead suggest that a conceptualisation of the relationship between proteins’ composition, structure and function consistent with contemporary biochemical practice should account also for the causal role of the cellular, organismal and environmental relations in protein development. The analysis of the folding process we propose suggests that microstructure-laden reductionist approaches are ontologically indefensible. Rather than a potentialist form of micro-predeterminism, our analysis ultimately supports a relational-construction-based view of protein development and potentialities formation, which requires an indispensable analysis of the dynamical interplay between the micro-level of the parts and the macro-level of the relational structures of their systems. (shrink)

The empirical relationship between a firm’s social performance and its financial performance is still not well established in the literature. Despite more than 30 years of research and more than 100 empirical studies on the issue, the results are still mixed. We argue that the heterogeneous results found in previous studies are not due exclusively to problems related with the measurement instruments or the samples used. Instead, we posit that a more fundamental problem related with the endogeneity of social strategic (...) decisions could be driving most of the empirical findings. We show that, using a panel data of 658 firms from 1991 to 2005, how some of the results found in previous research change, and some are even reversed when endogeneity is properly taken into account. (shrink)

I criticize the widely accepted “practical” interpretation of the universality test contained in Kant’s first formula of the categorical imperative in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals – the formula of the universal law of nature. I argue that this interpretation does not work for contradictions in conception because it wrongly takes contradictions in the will as the model for them and, as a consequence, cannot establish a clear distinction between the two kinds of contradiction. This interpretation also assumes (...) an understanding of universality that departs from Kant’s own and, cannot, for this reason, capture the kind of contradiction that he explicitly claims to establish. I provide an alternative interpretation, which I call revised logical interpretation, that allows us to account for contradictions in conception, including those examples that the practical interpretation cannot handle, as well as to establish a clear distinction between the two kinds of contradiction. (shrink)

This book is about what Mark Rothko and Romy Castro think about painting. The bottom line placed here is: what is matter for a painter? What they want to communicate with their art? And how they do it? This book seeks to uncover some of the secrets that are in minds painters. In the backgrond, waht unites, apparently, two such different artists is the way they establish intimacy with matter, even that a concept of matter or intimacy may assume (...) and be used in different interpretations. (shrink)

We offer an ethical assessment of the market for data used to generate what are sometimes called “consumer scores” (i.e., numerical expressions that are used to describe or predict people’s dispositions and behavior), and we argue that the assessment has ethical implications on how the market for consumer scoring data should be regulated. To conduct the assessment, we employ two heuristics for evaluating markets. One is the “harm” criterion, which relates to whether the market produces serious harms, either for participants (...) in the market, for third parties, or for society as a whole. The other is the “agency” criterion, which relates to whether participants understand the nature and significance of the exchanges they are making, if they can be guaranteed fair representation, or if there is differential need for the market’s good. We argue that consumer scoring data should be subject to the same sort of regulation as the older FICO credit scores. Although the movement in the 1990s that was aimed at regulating the FICO scores was not aimed at restraining a market per se, we argue that the reforms were underwritten by concerns about the same sorts of problems as those outlined by our heuristics. Therefore, consumer data should be subject to the same sort of regulation. (shrink)

El artículo analiza el concepto de mal radical de Kant y sostiene que su explicación del mal utiliza un modelo reconstructivo que niega la atribución de los modelos de adicción o del mal hábito. Se critica la tesis de la “revolución en la disposición moral fundamental”, primero, porque Kant abandona el método fenomenológico-trascen- dental y, segundo, por el carácter semipelagiano de su argumentación.

La migración internacional es parte de la globalización, todos los países desarrollados han recibido un gran número de inmigrantes. España también ha recibido a alta cantidad de nómadas. La población española era emigrante y ahora ella tiene que hacer frente a este nuevo fenómeno, las sociedades desarrolladas van a tener que adaptarse a las grandes afluencias de extranjeros. La migración ha sido a menudo una fuente de tensiones entre culturas e incluso entre movimientos racistas y xenófobos. Un problema político fundamental (...) en España es la situación que hay en la frontera del sur, por donde mucha gente intenta entrar en la UE desde África, arriesgando su vida y perdiéndola a menudo.International migration is part of globalization, all developed countries have received significant numbers of migrants. Spain have also received a high amount of migrants. Spanish people were traditionally emigrants and now they have to face this new phenomena, developed societies are going to have to face larger inflows of migrants. Migration has often been a source of tensions among cultures and even racist and xenophobic movements. A prominent political problem in Spain is the situation on the Southern border, where many people try to enter the EU from Africa, risking their life and often losing. (shrink)

This paper takes the view that compensated donation and altruism are not incompatible. In particular, it holds that the arguments against giving compensation stand on weak rational grounds: the charge that compensation fosters “commodification” has neither been specific enough to account for different types of monetary transactions nor sufficiently grounded in reality to be rationally convincing; although altruism is commendable, organ donors should not be compelled to act purely on the basis of altruistic motivations, especially if there are good reasons (...) to believe that significantly more lives can be saved and enhanced if incentives are put in place, and offering compensation for organs does not necessarily lead to exploitation—on the contrary, it may be regarded as a necessity in efforts to minimise the level of exploitation that already exists in current organ procurement systems. (shrink)

The vast expansion of research in human-robot interactions (HRI) these last decades has been accompanied by the design of increasingly skilled robots for engaging in joint actions with humans. However, these advances have encountered significant challenges to ensure fluent interactions and sustain human motivation through the different steps of joint action. After exploring current literature on joint action in HRI, leading to a more precise definition of these challenges, the present article proposes some perspectives borrowed from psychology and philosophy showing (...) the key role of communication in human interactions. From mutual recognition between individuals to the expression of commitment and social expectations, we argue that communicative cues can facilitate coordination, prediction, and motivation in the context of joint action. The description of several notions thus suggests that some communicative capacities can be implemented in the context of joint action for HRI, leading to an integrated perspective of robotic communication. (shrink)

El presente artículo nace de un proyecto de investigación I+D+i del Plan Estatal 2017-2020. Concretamente, nos centraremos en la primera fase de investigación, cuyo objetivo fué analizar, reflexionar e identificar qué mirada existe hacia la diversidad. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación documental de corte cualitativa. Tras los resultados alcanzados, se percibe la necesidad de una mayor formación desde el ámbito educativo y de los futuros profesionales con el objetivo de alcanzar una escuela inclusiva preparada para atender a (...) la diversidad. (shrink)

El llamado “retorno de la religión” puede interpretarse como un hecho inédito, un pretexto fáctico o una enmienda. Se muestra que no se trata de lo primero, pues fue un problema político para la filosofía del siglo XX, ni de lo segundo. Consiste en un arrepentimiento implícito de la teoría política por haber asumido el secularismo y el positivismo como marco epistemológico y normativo. Este concepto conduce, además, a reformular la utopía secularista y a la emergencia de la postsecularidad.

The aim of this paper is to offer a version of the so-called conversational hypothesis of the ontogenetic connection between language and mindreading (Harris 1996, 2005; Van Cleave and Gauker 2010; Hughes et al. 2006). After arguing against a particular way of understanding the hypothesis (the communicative view), I will start from the justificatory view in philosophy of social cognition (Andrews 2012; Hutto 2004; Zawidzki 2013) to make the case for the idea that the primary function of belief and desire (...) attributions is to justify and normalize deviant patterns of behaviour. Following this framework, I elaborate upon the idea that development of folk psychological skills requires the subjects to engage in conversationally mediated joint and cooperative activities in order to acquire the conceptual capacity of ascribing propositional attitudes. After presenting the general version of the hypothesis, I present several testable sub-hypotheses and some psychological studies that give empirical plausibility to the hypothesis. (shrink)

Friends and foes of liberal neutrality assume that neutrality presupposes pluralism. On this view, the state should be neutral among the many permissible conceptions of the individual good that citizens affirm. I argue that neutrality need not be construed as a response to pluralism. I focus on the case of specifically religious neutrality and argue that it can be an appropriate political response to what I call “the fact of religious hegemony,” which is a social scenario in which a particular (...) religion is unanimously recognized as dominant. Religious neutrality, in this kind of context, requires the state to avoid all religious words and symbols that can be taken as an expression of endorsement or criticism of religion. I take this conception of religious neutrality from both political history and current political practice and discourse. Neutrality was originally conceived of as a proper political response in contexts of religious hegemony both in France and in Mexico. Today, and despite the growth of religious pluralism, this conception continues to be a live political posture in the places where it first originated. I call it “neutrality as independence from religion” and argue that it differs from liberal neutrality in crucial respects. (shrink)

Resumen Este artículo tiene como propósito central presentar los resultados de una investigación sobre el funcionamiento de las coletillas interrogativas en un corpus oral del español de Chile desde una perspectiva sistémico funcional del lenguaje. Las categorías de análisis interpersonal se derivan de los estratos semántico-discursivo y léxico-gramatical. En el estrato de los significados se han considerado la función de habla y la mercancía semiótica, mientras que en el estrato de la codificación los modos de cláusula y la ubicación de (...) coletilla en la cláusula. Se concluye que la coletilla es un recurso productivo para la expresión de significados interpersonales en todas las funciones de habla. Se integra mayormente en movimientos que cumplen el rol de “dar”, en tanto que la principal materia de negociación es “información”. Dentro del sistema de MODO, se integran en posición final de cláusulas declarativas y en menor medida en cláusulas imperativas e interrogativas. Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of an investigation about functioning of tag questions in oral corpus of Chilean Spanish from a systemic-functional language perspective. The categories of interpersonal analysis are derived from the semantic-discursive and lexical-grammatical strata. In the meaning stratum, the speech function and the semiotic commodity have been considered, while in the coding stratum, the clause modes and the location of the tag question in the clause have been considered. It is concluded that the tag question is a productive resource for the expression of interpersonal meanings in all speech functions. It is mostly integrated in moves that fulfill the role of ‘give’, while the main subject of negotiation is ‘information’. Within the mood system, they are mostly integrated in final position of declarative clauses and to a lesser extent in imperative and interrogative clauses. (shrink)

RESUMEN El artículo analiza el concepto de mal radical de Kant y sostiene que su explicación del mal utiliza un modelo reconstructivo que niega la atribución de los modelos de adicción o del mal hábito. Se critica la tesis de la "revolución en la disposición moral fundamental", primero, porque Kant abandona el método fenomenológico-trascendental y, segundo, por el carácter semipelagiano de su argumentación. ABSTRACT The article analyzes Kant's concept of radical evil and argues that his explanation of evil uses a (...) reconstructive model that denies the attribution of the models of addiction or bad habits. It criticizes the thesis of "revolution in fundamental moral disposition" for two reasons; first, Kant abandons the phenomenological-transcendental method, and, second, due to his arguments' semi-Pelagian nature. (shrink)

This book examines Fuller’s pioneering vision of social epistemology. It focuses specifically on his work post-2000, which is founded in the changing conception of humanity and project into a ‘post-‘ or ‘trans-‘ human future. Chapters treat especially Fuller’s provocative response to the changing boundary conditions of the knower due to anticipated changes in humanity coming from the nanosciences, neuroscience, synthetic biology and computer technology and end on an interview with Fuller himself. While Fuller’s turn in this direction has invited at (...) least as much criticism as his earlier work, to him the result is an extended sense of the knower, or ‘humanity 2.0’, which Fuller himself identifies with transhumanism. The authors assess Fuller’s work on the following issues: Science and Technology Studies (STS), the university and intellectual life, neo-liberal political economy, intelligent design, Cosmism, Gnosticism, agent-oriented epistemology, proactionary vs precautionary principles and Welfare State 2.0. (shrink)

El método clínico surge desde las relaciones humanas más primitivas y aún cuando se encuentra en constante evolución no se consigue su adecuada aplicación. El estudio de este método científico constituye uno de los temas más importantes que guían la praxis médica, ostenta ciertos caracteres que se entrelazan dialécticamente imposibles de desligar, centrados esencialmente en la relación médico-paciente con el objetivo de arribar al diagnóstico de una enfermedad determinada, por lo cual, se brindan algunas consideraciones teóricas a partir del análisis (...) de sus conceptualizaciones y atributos más significativos y se elabora una definición de método clínico. The clinical method faces constant evolution, in spite of the issues that affect its application. The study of this scientific method constitutes one of the most important topics that lead medical praxis. It entails several characteristics dialectically intertwined that focus mainly on the doctor-patient relation for the diagnosis of a given disease. The objective of this article is to provide some theoretical considerations based on the analysis of its main concepts and attributes. (shrink)

El texto explora el papel que juegan los argumentos de naturaleza filosófica y religiosa en la razón pública, trayendo a colación el debate acerca del aborto, tema en el que John Rawls pone a prueba su propuesta. La tesis es que en el liberalismo rawlsiano, los argumentos filosóficos y religiosos juegan un papel semi-público, es decir, están referidos básicamente a la razón social, la cual se encuadra en la sociedad civil.

A 20 años de su publicación, el libro de José Casanova Public Religions in the Modern World ya es uno de los clásicos de la sociología de la religión y uno de los trabajos que mayores aportes ha hecho a la discusión sobre la secularización, la modernización, el pluralismo y las religiones públicas. Con el título Genealogías de la secularización, se publicó la recopilación del profesor Josetxo Beriain de 14 trabajos del profesor de Georgetown University aparecidos en los últimos años (...) en revistas especializadas y volúmenes colectivos, dejándonos a sus lectores la tarea de releerlos y encontrar tópicos que permitan sistematizarlos. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda el estudio de algunos de los problemas que presenta la religión en las democracias contemporáneas y, más específicamente, las aporías políticas que suscita la participación de los creyentes en el debate público. Para desarrollar la temática, el texto se divide en dos partes: en la primera, se exponen las objeciones que, en las democracias seculares se le presentan al discurso religioso. En la segunda, se identifican algunos tópicos teóricos que deben asumir los creyentes si quieren que dicho (...) discurso alcance eficacia pública y sea recibido como un aporte a la deliberación democrática y a la construcción de una ciudadanía plural. (shrink)

Mi comentario se divide en tres partes que obedecen, sin método ni exhaustividad, a las tres facetas que más me han interesado de Dworkin y que esta biografía me permitió revisitar: su faceta de intelectual público, su liberalismo ético o perfeccionista y un breve colofón sobre su generosidad académica.

El llamado "retorno de la religión" puede interpretarse como un hecho inédito, un pretexto fáctico o una enmienda. Se muestra que no se trata de lo primero, pues fue un problema político para la filosofía del siglo XX, ni de lo segundo. Consiste en un arrepentimiento implícito de la teoría política por haber asumido el secularismo y el positivismo como marco epistemológico y normativo. Este concepto conduce, además, a reformular la utopía secularista y a la emergencia de la postsecularidad. The (...) so-called "return of religion" can be interpreted as a new fact, as a factual pretext or as an amendment. This article shows that it is not a new fact -for it was a political problem for philosophy throughout the 20th century- nor a factual pretext. It consists on an implicit repentance from the political theory for assuming secularism and positivism as both epistemological and normative frameworks. Furthermore, this concept takes us to reformulate the secularist utopia and the postsecularism emergence. (shrink)